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Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of Death Receptor Signaling.
Products and Related Resources for Cell Death and Viability SARS-CoV-2 Research
Necrosis has been classically defined as an unprogrammed form of cell death that occurs in response to overwhelming chemical or physical insult.
Overview of apoptosis signaling networks, antibodies and related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and technical resources for apoptosis research.
Find out the best control cell extracts to use as positive or negative controls in your western blots, when studying apoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy.
Study the intricate machinery of the apoptosis signaling pathway. Click here to learn more and gain insights into programmed cell death mechanisms.
A scientific resource for the DED protein domain containing information on structure, function, and domain binding during apoptosis.
Cleaved caspase-3 product listings, product citations, comparison tables and educational resources for apoptosis signaling from Cell Signaling Technology.
Regulation of cell death due to viral infection is important for host survival. In this series, we look at pathways regulated through cellular responses to viruses.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of Inhibition of Apoptosis Signaling.
Products and Related Resources for Virus Detection and Innate Immune Activation SARS-CoV-2 Research
Cancer cells resist inhibitory signals that might otherwise stop their growth. The major pathways involved are Autophagy and Apoptosis.
Cancer cells can resist death. They evade apoptosis, the mechanism that programs cell death once cells become damaged. Normally, apoptosis helps keep an organism healthy through growth and development, but cancer cells do not follow this process, no matter how abnormally they grow.
Activated by pro-inflammatory signaling, ischemic injury or viral infection, necroptosis is a programmed regulated form of necrosis requiring RIP3 and MLKL
Apoptosis is a regulated form of programmed cell death (PCD) that occurs without external influence.
Explore the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and its role in programmed cell death. Read more about this essential pathway here.
These markers can be used to study necroptosis and pyroptosis, forms of regulated necrotic cell death that share morphological features with necrosis.
Compare Cell Signaling Technology's Cleaved Caspase antibodies against one another to determine optimal applications.
Caspase Cleavage Substrate Proteomics
Our Cleaved PARP (Asp214) (D64E10) XP Rabbit mAb #5625 is designed to be specific for the large fragment (89 kDa) of human PARP1 protein that is produced by caspase cleavage at Asp214. As such, it specifically recognizes an epitope at the N-terminus of the large fragment that only becomes exposed upon caspase cleavage. Therefore, #5625 will not recognize the c-terminal PARP-1 fragments (55 and 42 kDa) that are generated during necrosis by lysosomal proteases [see Gobeil, S. et al. (2001) Cell Death Differ. 8, 588-94 (PMID: 11536009; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536009)].Unfortunately, we do not offer a PARP-1 antibody that will recognize both of the c-terminal PARP-1 fragments (55 and 42 kDa). Our PARP Antibody #9542 will not recognize either fragment; whereas, our PARP (46D11) Rabbit mAb #9532 may recognize the 55 kDa fragment, but not the 42 kDa fragment.
Cell viability is a measure of the proportion of live, healthy cells within a population. Assays to assess cell viability measure metabolic activity, ATP content, cell proliferation, or membrane integrity.
A scientific resource for the BIR protein domain containing information on structure, function, and domain binding in apoptosis.
We have validated the Caspase-3 Activity Assay Kit #5723 in human and mouse cell lines. However, as long as there is active caspase-3 present, this kit is predicted to work with most cell lines. Depending on the cell type and the incubation time applied in the assay, 0.5 - 2x10^5 cells/well (or 100 ug/well of total lysate protein) is sufficient for most experimental setups. For best results, cell number or lysate concentration titrations are recommended. Because caspase-7 shares the same substrate sequence as caspase-3, this kit also detects caspase-7 activity.
Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that occurs normally throughout the lifespan and can also occur in response to harmful stimuli. Apoptotic cells are identified by their altered morphology, caspase activation, and the presence of damaged DNA.
The Caspase-4 Antibody #4450 recognizes an epitope that is present in both the full-length protein and the p20 subunit. Therefore, this antibody is predicted to detect both targets. However, we have not confirmed the reactivity of the Caspase-4 Antibody #4450 with the p20 subunit at endogenous levels. The exact protein load of recombinant, active caspase-4 shown in the western image on the product datasheet for the Caspase-4 Antibody #4450 has not been recorded. However, we typically load 1-5 ng of recombinant protein for such experiments.
Additional internal testing has shown that the Caspase-3 (8G10) Rabbit mAb #9665 recognizes both Caspase-3 and Caspase-7. When this antibody was released to the market, we were unaware of the homology between the two proteins. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
For imaging purposes, we recommend using Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) Antibody #9661 or Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) (D3E9) Rabbit mAb #9579 on human cells and frozen tissues. We have noted cytoplasmic background with Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) (5A1E) Rabbit mAb #9664 in some human samples.
Alphabetical listing of protein, pathway, and antibody acronyms, curated by Cell Signaling Technology.
Streamline your neurodegeneration therapeutic development with CST recombinant monoclonal antibodies, ELISA and cellular assay kits, custom products, and services.
