Revision 1
Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:

IF-IC, DB

REACTIVITY:

All

SENSITIVITY:

Endogenous

MW (kDa):

Source/Isotype:

Rabbit IgG

Product Information

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) 1:1600
DNA Dot Blot 1:1000

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

Specificity / Sensitivity

5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of 5-methylcytosine. This antibody has been validated using ELISA, dot blot, and MeDIP assays and shows high specificity for 5-methylcytosine.

Species Reactivity:

All Species Expected

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with 5-methylcytidine.

Background

Methylation of DNA at cytosine residues is a heritable, epigenetic modification that is critical for proper regulation of gene expression, genomic imprinting, and mammalian development (1,2). 5-methylcytosine is a repressive epigenetic mark established de novo by two enzymes, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, and is maintained by DNMT1 (3, 4). 5-methylcytosine was originally thought to be passively depleted during DNA replication. However, subsequent studies have shown that Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins TET1, TET2, and TET3 can catalyze the oxidation of methylated cytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) (5). Additionally, TET proteins can further oxidize 5-hmC to form 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC), both of which are excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG), effectively linking cytosine oxidation to the base excision repair pathway and supporting active cytosine demethylation (6,7).
Normally DNA methylation occurs in a bimodal fashion, such that CpG dinucleotides are largely methylated across the genome, except in short stretches of CpG-rich sequences associated with gene promoters, known as CpG-islands, where methylation is virtually absent (8). Cancer cell genomes often undergo global hypomethylation, while CpG-islands become hypermethylated, causing their associated promoters to become repressed (9). There is evidence that a number of aberrantly hypermethylated CpG-islands found in carcinomas occur at tumor suppressor genes such as RB1, MLH1, and BRCA1 (10).

  1. Hermann, A. et al. (2004) Cell Mol Life Sci 61, 2571-87.
  2. Turek-Plewa, J. and Jagodziński, P.P. (2005) Cell Mol Biol Lett 10, 631-47.
  3. Okano, M. et al. (1999) Cell 99, 247-57.
  4. Li, E. et al. (1992) Cell 69, 915-26.
  5. Tahiliani, M. et al. (2009) Science 324, 930-5.
  6. He, Y.F. et al. (2011) Science 333, 1303-7.
  7. Ito, S. et al. (2011) Science 333, 1300-3.
  8. Suzuki, M.M. and Bird, A. (2008) Nat Rev Genet 9, 465-76.
  9. Berman, B.P. et al. (2012) Nat Genet 44, 40-6.
  10. Sproul, D. and Meehan, R.R. (2013) Brief Funct Genomics 12, 174-90.

Species Reactivity

Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).

Applications Key

IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) DB: DNA Dot Blot

Cross-Reactivity Key

H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected

Trademarks and Patents

Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
SimpleChIP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

使用に関する制限

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Revision 1
#28692

5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb

Immunofluorescence Image 1: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of 293T cells transfected with a construct expressing DYKDDDDK-tagged TET1 catalytic domain (TET1-CD) using 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb (green) and DYKDDDDK Tag (9A3) Mouse mAb #8146 (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). As expected, 293T cells expressing TET1-CD (red) exhibit decreased levels of 5-methylcytosine (green).
Dot Blot Image 1: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
DNA fragments from HCT 116 wild type (WT) and DNMT1/DNMT3B knock-out (KO) cells were blotted onto a nylon membrane, UV cross-linked, and probed with 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb. The top panel shows the antibody detecting more methylated cytosine in the wild type cells, while the bottom panel shows the membrane stained with methylene blue.
Dot Blot Image 2: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
The specificity of 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb was determined by dot blot. The same sequence of a 387 base pair DNA fragment was generated by PCR using exclusively unmodified cytosine, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC), or 5-formylcytosine (5-fC). The respective DNA fragments were blotted onto a nylon membrane, UV cross-linked, and probed with 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb. The top panel shows the antibody only binding to the DNA fragment containing 5-mC, while the bottom panel shows the membrane stained with methylene blue.
Product Image 1: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
DNA immunoprecipitations were performed with 1 μg of genomic DNA from NCCIT cells and either 10 μl of 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb #28692 or 10 μl of Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control (DIP Formulated). The enriched DNA was quantified by real-time PCR using human Aqp2 intron 5 primers, human TIMP3 promoter primers, SimpleDIP Human Testis-Specific H2B Promoter Primers, and SimpleChIP® Human GAPDH Exon 1 Primers #5516. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input DNA, which is equivalent to one.
Product Image 2: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
DNA immunoprecipitations were performed with 1 μg of genomic DNA from mouse embryonic stem cells and either 10 μl of 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb #28692 or 10 μl of Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control (DIP Formulated). The enriched DNA was quantified by real-time PCR using mouse Aqp2 exon 1 primers, SimpleDIP Mouse Intracisternal-A Particle (IAP) LTR Primers, mouse Lamc3 exon 1 primers, and SimpleChIP® Mouse GAPDH Intron 2 Primers #8986. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input DNA, which is equivalent to one.
Product Image 3: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
The specificity of 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb was determined by ELISA. The antibody was titrated against a single-stranded DNA oligo containing either unmodified cytosine or differentially modified cytosine (5-mC, 5-hmC, 5-caC, 5-fC). As shown in the graph, the antibody only binds to the oligo containing 5-mC.
Product Image 4: 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
The specificity of 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb was determined by DNA immunoprecipitations. DNA IPs were performed with genomic DNA prepared from mouse embryonic stem cells, spiked with control DNA containing either unmethylated cytosine, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmc). IPs were performed using 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) (D3S2Z) Rabbit mAb. The enriched DNA was quantified by real-time PCR using primers specific to the spiked-in control DNA sequence. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input DNA, which is equivalent to one.