Revision 1
Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:

WB, IF-IC

REACTIVITY:

H

SENSITIVITY:

Endogenous

MW (kDa):

72

Source/Isotype:

Rabbit IgG

UniProt ID:

#O75143

Entrez-Gene Id:

9776

Product Information

Product Usage Information

This product is the carrier free version of product #13468. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol.

This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

Formulation

Supplied in 1X PBS, BSA and Azide Free.

For standard formulation of this product see product #13468

Storage

Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg13 protein.

Species Reactivity:

Human

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asn230 of human Atg13 protein.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes.

Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Overexpression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high-nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, which localizes to autophagic isolation membranes and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10).

  1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
  2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
  3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
  4. Funakoshi, T. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 207-13.
  5. Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
  6. Ganley, I.G. et al. (2009) J Biol Chem 284, 12297-305.
  7. Hosokawa, N. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1981-91.
  8. Jung, C.H. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1992-2003.
  9. Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
  10. Alers, S. et al. (2011) Autophagy 7, 1423-33.

Species Reactivity

Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).

Applications Key

WB: Western Blotting IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)

Cross-Reactivity Key

H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected

Trademarks and Patents

Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
SignalSilence is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

使用に関する制限

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Revision 1
#66925

Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free)

Western Blotting Image 1: Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) Expand Image
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Western Blotting Image 2: Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) Expand Image
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with a construct expressing Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human Atg13 (hAtg13-Myc/DDK; +), using Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (upper) or Myc-Tag (71D10) Rabbit mAb #2278 (lower). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Western Blotting Image 3: Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) Expand Image
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, transfected with 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Unconjugated) #6568 (-) or SignalSilence® Atg13 siRNA I #12043 (+), using Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). The Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb confirms silencing of Atg13 expression, while the β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb is used as a loading control. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunofluorescence Image 1: Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) Expand Image
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of PANC-1 cells, untreated (left) or nutrient-starved with Earle's balanced salt solution (3 hr; right), using Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit mAb (green). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.