Revision 3
Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:

WB, IHC-Bond, IHC-P, FC-FP

REACTIVITY:

H

SENSITIVITY:

Endogenous

MW (kDa):

9-40

Source/Isotype:

Rabbit IgG

UniProt ID:

#O00182

Entrez-Gene Id:

3965

Product Information

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Western Blotting 1:1000
IHC Leica Bond 1:800
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) 1:800
Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) 1:1600

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #71325.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein.

Species Reactivity:

Human

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human galectin-9 protein.

Background

Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7).

Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13).

  1. Barondes, S.H. et al. (1994) Cell 76, 597-8.
  2. Barondes, S.H. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 20807-10.
  3. Offner, H. et al. (1990) J Neuroimmunol 28, 177-84.
  4. Wells, V. and Mallucci, L. (1991) Cell 64, 91-7.
  5. Filer, A. et al. (2009) Arthritis Rheum 60, 1604-14.
  6. Perillo, N.L. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 736-9.
  7. Cooper, D.N. et al. (1991) J Cell Biol 115, 1437-48.
  8. Gieseke, F. et al. (2013) Eur J Immunol 43, 2741-9.
  9. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat Immunol 6, 1245-52.
  10. Nagahara, K. et al. (2008) J Immunol 181, 7660-9.
  11. Dardalhon, V. et al. (2010) J Immunol 185, 1383-92.
  12. Heusschen, R. et al. (2014) Biochim Biophys Acta 1842, 284-92.
  13. Heusschen, R. et al. (2013) Biol Reprod 88, 22.

Species Reactivity

Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).

Western Blot Buffer

IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Applications Key

WB: Western Blotting IHC-Bond: IHC Leica Bond IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) FC-FP: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)

Cross-Reactivity Key

H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected

Trademarks and Patents

Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
Alexa Fluor is a registered trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

使用に関する制限

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Revision 3
#54330

Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb

Western Blotting Image 1: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower).
Immunohistochemistry Image 1: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human non-small cell lung carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb performed on the Leica® Bond Rx.
Immunohistochemistry Image 1: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Immunohistochemistry Image 2: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Immunohistochemistry Image 3: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Immunohistochemistry Image 4: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human ovarian carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Immunohistochemistry Image 5: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded U-937 cell pellet (left, positive) or PANC-1 cell pellet (right, negative) using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Flow Cytometry Image 1: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Flow cytometric analysis of 293T cells, mock transfected (blue) or transfected with Galectin-9-DDK (green), using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
Flow Cytometry Image 2: Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Flow cytometric analysis of PANC-1 cells (blue) and U-937 cells (green) using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.