Revision 3

#69219Store at -20C

1 Kit

(5 x 20 microliters)

Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Product Includes Product # Quantity Mol. Wt Isotype/Source
Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb 37115 20 µl 43 kDa Rabbit IgG
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb 3205 20 µl 43 kDa Rabbit IgG
PDHK1 (C47H1) Rabbit mAb 3820 20 µl 47 kDa Rabbit IgG
LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb 3582 20 µl 37 kDa Rabbit IgG
LDHB (E8J8T) Rabbit mAb 56298 20 µl 37 kDa Rabbit IgG
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 100 µl Goat 

Please visit cellsignal.com for individual component applications, species cross-reactivity, dilutions, protocols, and additional product information.

Description

The Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting select components involved in the regulation of the connection between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle). The kit includes enough antibodies to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/mL BSA, 50% glycerol, and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

Background

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate and CoA into acetyl-CoA and CO2 in the presence of NAD+. Acetyl-CoA then goes into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle), where it reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. The reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate serves as a critical link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In mammalian cells, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is located in the mitochondrial matrix (1). This complex is composed of three enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) consists of two subunits: α and β. This enzyme catalyzes the removal of CO2 from pyruvate. Mutations in the α subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) lead to congenital defects that are usually associated with lactic acidosis, neurodegeneration, and early death (2).

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) α1 subunit at Ser293 to inactivate its activity (3,4). This phosphorylation contributes to the tumor metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis in hypoxia by inhibiting the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (4).

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the reversible conversion between pyruvate and lactate. LDH is a tetramer composed of various combinations of LDHA subunit and LDHB subunit to form five different isozymes. LDHA has a higher affinity for pyruvate and preferentially catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. LDHA levels are upregulated in many cancers. On the other hand, LDHB has a higher affinity for lactate and preferentially catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, enabling cells to use lactate as a nutrient (5-7). Studies show that LDHA/LDHB deficiency suppresses glycolysis and ATP production, inhibiting STING signaling and antitumor immune responses mediated by dendritic cells (8). In addition, acetylation of LDHB inhibits its activity, reduces hepatic lactate clearance, and promotes the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (9).

  1. Strumiło, S. (2005) Acta Biochim Pol 52, 759-64.
  2. Stacpoole, P.W. et al. (2003) Curr Gene Ther 3, 239-45.
  3. Fan, J. et al. (2014) J Biol Chem 289, 26533-26541.
  4. Chae, Y.C. et al. (2016) Cancer Cell 30, 257-272.
  5. Doherty, J.R. and Cleveland, J.L. (2013) J Clin Invest 123, 3685-92.
  6. Hong, S.M. et al. (2019) J Biol Chem 294, 7810-7820.
  7. Urbańska, K. and Orzechowski, A. (2019) Int J Mol Sci 20, 2085. doi: 10.3390/ijms20092085.
  8. Hu, Z. et al. (2023) J Clin Invest 133, e166031. doi: 10.1172/JCI166031.
  9. Wang, T. et al. (2021) J Hepatol 74, 1038-1052.

Background References

    Trademarks and Patents

    Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    U.S. Patent No. 7,429,487, foreign equivalents, and child patents deriving therefrom.
    All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

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    Revision 3
    #69219

    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit

    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 1 Expand Image
    Flow cytometric analysis of Caki-1 cells using LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb (solid line) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype control #3900 (dashed line). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 2 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 3 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell types using LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 4 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, vehicle-treated (-) or treated (+) with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP)/λ phosphatase, using Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb (upper) or Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb #3205 (lower).
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 5 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell types using PDHK1 (C47H1) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 6 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using LDHB (E8J8T) Rabbit mAb (upper) or GAPDH (D16H11) XP® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower). Low expression of LDHB protein in KATO III and HuH-7 cells is consistent with the predicted expression pattern.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 7 Expand Image
    After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. The LumiGLO® is added and emits light during enzyme catalyzed decomposition.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 8 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of various cell lines using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 9 Expand Image
    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 10 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, vehicle-treated (-) or treated (+) with sodium dichloroacetate to reduce phosphorylation of Ser293, using Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb (upper) or Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb #3205 (lower).
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 11 Expand Image
    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 12 Expand Image
    Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of MCF-7 cells using LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 13 Expand Image
    Immunoprecipitation of phospho-pyruvate dehydrogenase α1 protein from HeLa cell extracts. Lane 1 is 10% input, lane 2 is Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900, and lane 3 is Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb. Western blot analysis was performed using Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb. Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody #7074 was used as the secondary antibody.
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 14 Expand Image
    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen-specific peptide (right).
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 15 Expand Image
    Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells (left, high-expressing), treated with 5 mM sodium dichloroacetate for 16 hours to reduce phosphorylation of Ser293 (middle, low-expressing), or post-processed with λ-phosphatase (right, negative) using Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb (green) and Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) (E2R1O) Mouse mAb #62016 (red). Actin filaments were labeled with DyLight 554 Phalloidin #13054 (cyan pseudocolor). Samples were mounted in ProLong® Gold Antifade Reagent with DAPI #8961 (blue).
    Glycolysis/TCA Cycle Molecular Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 16 Expand Image
    Flow cytometric analysis of Hela cells, vehicle-treated (green) or λ phosphatase-treated (blue) using Phospho-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 (Ser293) (E4V9L) Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.