Revision 3

#13018Store at -20C

Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:

WB, IP, IHC-P

REACTIVITY:

H M

SENSITIVITY:

Endogenous

MW (kDa):

12

Source/Isotype:

Rabbit IgG

UniProt ID:

#P26447

Entrez-Gene Id:

6275

Product Information

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Western Blotting 1:1000
Immunoprecipitation 1:50
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) 1:800

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #48842.

Specificity / Sensitivity

S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total S100A4 protein.

Species Reactivity:

Human, Mouse

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ala54 of human S100A4 protein.

Background

Despite their relatively small size (8-12 kDa) and uncomplicated architecture, S100 proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes, such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle progression, transcription, and differentiation. To date, 25 members have been identified, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z, making it the largest group in the EF-hand, calcium-binding protein family. Interestingly, 14 S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21, a region of genomic instability. Research studies have demonstrated that significant correlation exists between aberrant S100 protein expression and cancer progression. S100 proteins primarily mediate immune responses in various tissue types but are also involved in neuronal development (1-4).

Each S100 monomer bears two EF-hand motifs and can bind up to two molecules of calcium (or other divalent cation in some instances). Structural evidence shows that S100 proteins form antiparallel homo- or heterodimers that coordinate binding partner proximity in a calcium-dependent (and sometimes calcium-independent) manner. Although structurally and functionally similar, individual members show restricted tissue distribution, are localized in specific cellular compartments, and display unique protein binding partners, which suggests that each plays a specific role in various signaling pathways. In addition to an intracellular role, some S100 proteins have been shown to act as receptors for extracellular ligands or are secreted and exhibit cytokine-like activities (1-4).

Research studies have shown that S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression (5,6) and may serve as a prognostic factor in several cancer types (7-10). S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, nonmuscle myosin IIA, α6β4 integrin, and liprin b1 (11-15). S100A4 is present in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. Intracellular and extracellular S100A4 both promote cell migration via interaction with different proteins. Researchers have recently discovered that S100A4 also functions as a neuroprotectant in the peripheral nervous system (16,17).

  1. Heizmann, C.W. et al. (2002) Front Biosci 7, d1356-68.
  2. Donato, R. (2003) Microsc Res Tech 60, 540-51.
  3. Marenholz, I. et al. (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322, 1111-22.
  4. Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem J 396, 201-14.
  5. Ismail, N.I. et al. (2008) Cancer Cell Int 8, 12.
  6. Ismail, T.M. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 914-22.
  7. Rudland, P.S. et al. (2000) Cancer Res 60, 1595-603.
  8. Huang, L.Y. et al. (2011) World J Gastroenterol 17, 69-78.
  9. Wang, L.J. et al. (2012) Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 20, 71-6.
  10. Kang, Y.G. et al. (2012) J Surg Oncol 105, 119-24.
  11. Kriajevska, M.V. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 19679-82.
  12. Takenaga, K. et al. (1994) J Cell Biol 124, 757-68.
  13. Kriajevska, M. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 5229-35.
  14. Kim, T.H. et al. (2009) Mol Cancer Res 7, 1605-12.
  15. van Dieck, J. et al. (2010) Oncogene 29, 2024-35.
  16. Dmytriyeva, O. et al. (2012) Nat Commun 3, 1197.
  17. Moldovan, M. et al. (2013) Mol Med 19, 43-53.

Species Reactivity

Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).

Western Blot Buffer

IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Applications Key

WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)

Cross-Reactivity Key

H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected

Trademarks and Patents

Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

使用に関する制限

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Revision 3
#13018

S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb

Western Blotting Image 1: S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Western blot analysis of extracts from A172 and HeLa cells using S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb.
Immunoprecipitation Image 1: S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunoprecipitation of S100A4 from A172 cell extracts using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb (lane 3). Lane 1 is 10% input. Western blot analysis was performed using S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb.
Immunohistochemistry Image 1: S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon using S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen-specific peptide (right).
Immunohistochemistry Image 2: S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb Expand Image
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human prostate carcinoma using S100A4 (D9F9D) Rabbit mAb.