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A scientific resource for the SOCS Box protein domain containing information on structure, function, and domain binding during protein degradation pathways.
Products and Related Resources for Cytokines and Inflammation SARS-CoV-2 Research
Yes, you can use BSA #9998 as a carrier for cytokines. It should be dissolved into 1X PBS and sterile filtered.
Our cytokines and growth factors are lyophilized and supplied either with 20ug BSA per 1ug of cytokine (with carrier) or without added protein (carrier free). BSA minimizes adsorption to surfaces and maximizes recovery upon reconstitution. We recommend using the "with carrier" formulation as long as the addition of BSA will not negatively affect your experiment.
3D animated video tutorial illustrating IL-6 receptor complex formation and activation.
Expert-reviewed interactive diagram of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis and relevant antibodies for studying targets associated with the autoimmune disease.
Specific activity (expressed in units/mg) is a function of cytokine or growth factor purity and appropriate protein folding. To determine the specific activity, typically the readout of cytokine treatment is measured in a standardized bioassay. The ED50 (expressed in ng/ml), which is the concentration of cytokine or growth factor required to induce half the maximal biological response, is determined in the assay. The following formula can be used to convert the activity as an ED50 in ng/ml to specific activity in units/mg:Specific activity (units/mg) = 10E6 / ED50 (ng/ml).For example, the ED50 for our Human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (hLIF) #8911 is approximately 0.85ng/ml (based on the median ED50 range from the webpage/datasheet) and therefore the specific activity would be 1.17 X 10^6 Units/mg:10ug = 11,700 Units50ug = 58,500 Units
Jak and cytokine receptor mutations found in various cancers, along with the corresponding PubMed reference(s).
Macrophages and novel predictive biomarkers: an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the tumor microenvironment.
This interactive guide shows the key cell and functional state markers for tumor-infiltrating immune cells in humans.Web Location: Immunology and Inflammation
A unique portfolio of antibodies and recombinant proteins toevaluate mechanisms of viral infection including inflammationand cytokine production.
The immune system is composed of tissues, cells, and molecules whose primary function is to detect, respond to, and eliminate pathogens and transformed cells.
Discuss the mechanisms and control of antiproliferation signaling from cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and their role in cancer progression
A scientific resource for the TIR protein domain containing information on structure, function, and binding in TLR Signaling.
Study the IL-6 pathway and its impact on inflammation and immune regulation. Delve into the intricacies of this signaling cascade. Click here.
This post explores common T cell types, their roles in modulating immune cell response, and T cell activation via interaction with cell surface receptors.
A number of growth factors and cytokines can induce an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in tumor cells.
The innate immune response provides a quick response to pathogens by many mechanisms, including cytokine production and complement activation.
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed necrotic cell death activated by infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa in the presence of PAMPs or DAMPs
Listing of reference table resources for cellular regulation and signaling research
The transcriptional activity of c-Jun is regulated by SAPK/JNK phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73. The signaling pathway can be found at https://www.cellsignal.com/contents/science-pathway-research-mapk-signaling/sapk-jnk-signaling-pathway/pathways-mapk-sapk. Cellular stressors, such as UV radiation, inflammatory cytokines, or ceramide, activate Rho-family GTPases and subsequent MAPKKK (Map Kinase Kinase Kinase) pathways. MAPKKKs can activate MKK4/7, which directly phosphorylate and activate SAPK/JNK. Upon translocation to the nucleus, SAPK/JNK can activate c-Jun and other transcription factors. Proteins generally undergo a phosphorylation dependent mobility shift (PDMS) in SDS-PAGE. This shift can vary from target to target, and even with different activation events on the same target. Recent experiments suggest this is due to the additional negative charge conferred by phosphorylation sites disrupting protein binding to SDS (see https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264031559_Phosphorylation-Depe…
This interactive guide shows the most important cell and functional state markers for tumor-infiltrating immune cells in mice.
These markers can be used to study necroptosis and pyroptosis, forms of regulated necrotic cell death that share morphological features with necrosis.
Overview of Angiogenesis antibodies & related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and other technical resources.
Interactive p38 MAPK pathway. Learn how p38 MAPK is involved in regulation of HSP27, MAPKAPK-2, MAPKAPK-3, & several transcription factors.
The Inflammasome pathway is essential for the innate immune response, but it can also contribute to the onset of a number of diseases. Learn more here.
Content Overview for SARS-COVID Research
Video tutorials illustrate the science behind cellular processes and signaling pathways.
Neuroinflammation is the activation of an immune response in the CNS by the microglia and astrocytes. While not linked mechanistically to neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation is associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
A collection of website featuring signal transduction research, disease and mutation databases, and online publication resources.
