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Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price | Inventory |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61515SF | 100 µg |
|
| REACTIVITY | H M |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 140 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
Human, Mouse
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly814 of human Semaphorin-4D/CD100 protein.
Semaphorin-4D/CD100 (Sema4D) is a disulfide-linked homodimeric type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the class IV family of membrane bound semaphorins. The extracellular domain of Sema4D contains a cysteine-rich semaphorin-like domain, an Ig-like domain, and a PSI domain (1). Research studies have suggested that the cytoplasmic domain has a signaling function as it is phosphorylated on serine residues (2). Initial studies involving Sema4D revealed that it was implicated in axon guidance within the central nervous system through binding its high affinity receptor, plexin-B1 (3). Sema4D function has also been extensively characterized in the immune system and is the first semaphorin found to be expressed on the surface of many types of immune cells (4-6). In the immune system, CD72 serves as a low-affinity receptor for Sema4D (7) and research studies have shown that Sema4D not only regulates T-cell activation (8,9) but is also involved in the regulation of B-cell survival and differentiation (5). Many of the physiologic effects of Sema4D in the immune system are regulated by a soluble extracellular domain-containing fragment generated through proteolytic cleavage (10).
Sema4D has also been implicated in oncogenesis as research studies have demonstrated overexpression in multiple types of solid tumors (11,12). The role of Sema4D in oncogenesis, in part, has been linked to its ability to promote tumor angiogenesis (13), cell invasion (14), and immunosuppression through enhancement of myeloid derived suppressor cell function (15).
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